Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
Overview of
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) can be caused by varicose veins in the pelvis (lower abdomen and groin). These veins develop during pregnancy and continue to grow in size.
The syndrome is associated with the following symptoms:
- Swollen vulva/vagina
- Varicose veins (vulvar, buttocks, legs)
- Abnormal menstrual bleeding
- Tenderness to touch in lower abdomen
- Pain during intercourse
- Painful menstrual periods
- Backache
- Vaginal discharge
Pain usually worsens:
- Just before the onset of the menstrual cycle
- At the end of the day
- After prolonged standing
- During or just after intercourse
- During later stages of pregnancy
Tests and Investigations
Pelvic congestion syndrome is assessed using ultrasound, which allows visualisation of the uterus and surrounding pelvic organs. Colour Doppler is used to evaluate blood flow and identify varicose veins. The procedure is painless and takes 30-40 minutes. Determining the severity of the condition helps guide the most appropriate treatment plan.
Treatment
One treatment option is called embolization, which involves blocking the blood vessels so they cannot take up as much blood as before and veins subside with time. This is done by an interventional radiologist and takes a few hours. The procedure is minimally invasive and there is no need for general anaesthesia.